Guide · 8 min read · Updated

CCS1 vs NACS: the two US fast-charging plugs

CCS1 or NACS? How the two US fast-charging plugs differ, which cars use each, and what an adapter can and cannot bridge.

The short answer

CCS1 and NACS are different physical plugs. CCS1 is the older non-Tesla DC standard; NACS is Tesla's connector, now standardized as SAE J3400 and adopted by most automakers. The directory lists 930 CCS1 and 517 NACS stations. They are not interchangeable without an adapter, and an adapter still has to be supported by the car and the station.

The connector question sounds like a standards war. For a driver it is simpler: what shape is the inlet on the car, and what shape is on the station? The answer decides whether the cable connects, before any question of speed, price or network. Pick both ends below and watch the answer change.

CCS1 stations
930
NACS stations
517
CCS1 models
96
NACS models
6

Plug lab · pick one from each row

Will it plug in?

1 · Your car's inlet

2 · The plug on the post

A CCS1 car counts as a J1772 car at a Level 2 post, and a CHAdeMO car has a second, J1772 inlet. Those two are the reason the grid is not a simple diagonal.

Needs an adapter

CCS1 · DC → NACS · AC / DC

The shape is bridgeable. The access is not.

A NACS-to-CCS1 adapter carries DC where the site admits non-Tesla cars and the car's software supports it. Not every Supercharger is open, and the directory records the plug, not the policy.

You needNACS-to-CCS1 adapter

Models with this inlet
96
Stations with this plug
517
Every NACS station →

An adapter bridges the shape of the plug. It cannot create access to a closed network, and it cannot raise the car's limit — the session runs at the lowest of the post, the adapter and the car.

What is actually different?

CCS1 keeps the round J1772 shape for the AC pins and adds two larger DC pins underneath. That is why a CCS1 car can use a J1772 AC station without an adapter: the top part of the inlet is the same. A CCS1 station is therefore usually a DC fast charger, while a J1772 station is AC only — the split the Level 2 and DC fast guide covers from the charger side.

NACS uses the same compact pins for AC and DC. It is smaller than CCS1, which matters on a crowded charge port, and it is the connector Tesla built its network around. The plug does not set the speed: a NACS destination charger and a NACS Supercharger use the same shape at very different powers.

The version to remember

CCS1 is a J1772 plug with two DC pins bolted underneath. NACS is one small plug that does both jobs. The extra pins are the whole difference, and the reason a CCS1 car can still use a Level 2 post.

What each plug looks like

Four connectors appear on US stations. Two of them are DC-only, one is AC-only and one does both — and the drawing next to each photo is the face you are looking at when the cable is in your hand.

A SAE J1772 (Type 1) electric vehicle charging connector.

J1772 · SAE J1772

AC · 5,294 stations

A round face with five small pins and nothing below it. AC only — no DC pins.

A CCS1 (Combined Charging System) DC fast connector plugged into an electric vehicle.

CCS1 · SAE J1772 CCS Combo 1

DC · 930 stations

The J1772 circle with two large DC pins underneath it. The combo shape is the giveaway.

A Tesla charging with the NACS (North American Charging Standard) connector.

NACS · SAE J3400

AC / DC · 517 stations

Small and narrow. Three small pins above two large ones, and the same pins carry AC and DC.

A CHAdeMO DC fast charging connector for electric vehicles.

CHAdeMO · CHAdeMO

DC · 364 stations

The big round one: two large power pins at the top and a pin block underneath.

Photos: J1772 — Michael Hicks (mulad), CC BY 2.0 · CCS1 — Ken Fields, CC BY-SA 2.0 · NACS — Steve Jurvetson, CC BY 2.0 · CHAdeMO — Danilo Bargen, CC BY-SA 4.0. Counts are from the EVDIR build-time data.

Can you spot the plug?

Five plugs, drawn face on, no labels. Two of them share the same round top — the extra pins underneath are the only difference, and that is exactly the thing worth recognising at a station.

Game · five plugs · shapes only

Which plug is this?

1 / 5 · 0 right

Pick the connector. The drawing is a face-on schematic — the pins are the clue.

Which cars use CCS1 and which use NACS?

Most non-Tesla EVs built since about 2018 have a CCS1 inlet for DC and a J1772 inlet for AC — often described as one CCS1 port because the AC pins are part of it. Teslas use NACS for both. Newer US models from several brands are moving to NACS, which is why the model year matters as much as the badge.

The vehicle guide lists 6 NACS models and 96 CCS1 models because the catalogue's non-Tesla entries are mostly CCS1. That is a record of the trims in the data, not a claim that a 2026 car of the same name has the same inlet. Check the actual car's port.

The two plugs in one table

US EV connectors, their current, station counts and vehicle counts
ConnectorCurrentStandardStationsModels in guideTypical cars
J1772ACSAE J17725,294102AC only; most non-Tesla cars
CCS1DCSAE J1772 CCS Combo 193096Most non-Tesla EVs since 2018
NACSAC / DCSAE J34005176Tesla and newer NACS-native models
CHAdeMODCCHAdeMO3643Older Leaf and Japanese EVs

A station can list more than one connector and a car can have more than one inlet, so the columns overlap. Counts are from the EVDIR build-time data.

What an adapter can and cannot do

  • It can bridge the shape. A NACS-to-CCS1 adapter lets a CCS1 car take a NACS cable, and a CCS1-to-NACS adapter does the reverse, where the car and station support it.
  • It cannot create access. Not every Tesla Supercharger is open to non-Tesla cars, and not every network authorizes every adapter. The station page in the directory records the connector, not the access policy.
  • It cannot raise the limit. The session runs at the lowest of the car, the adapter and the station. A 350 kW site does not turn a 150 kW car into a 350 kW car.
  • It does not fix the wrong direction. No adapter lets a DC post charge an AC-only car, and a J1772 inlet has no sockets for the CCS1 DC pins. The combos that do not exist stay that way.

One rule that survives every adapter

An adapter changes the plug, never the negotiation. If the car cannot accept the current or the network will not authorize the session, the shape was never the problem.

Does CCS1 still make sense?

Yes. CCS1 is on 96 models in the vehicle guide and at 930 stations in the directory, and adapters cover some of the NACS side. If you are buying used, the condition, battery and price matter more than the shape of the port; if you are buying new, check which inlet the exact model year ships with and whether the adapter you would need is supported.

How to tell them apart at the car

A CCS1 inlet has the familiar round top and two extra DC pins below. A NACS inlet is a single small oval with the same pins used for AC and DC. A J1772 inlet has the round top but no DC pins. A CHAdeMO inlet is the largest of the four, with two big power pins at the top. The connector guide has a photo and the station list for each.

The whole page in four lines

  1. 1The plug is a shape; the car and the post decide the speed.
  2. 2CCS1 is a J1772 port with two DC pins underneath — so it still takes a Level 2 cable.
  3. 3NACS is one small plug for AC and DC, and it is not the same as every Tesla-only charger.
  4. 4An adapter bridges the shape. It never buys access, and it never raises the limit.

Questions

What is the difference between CCS1 and NACS?

The shape of the plug. CCS1 is the round J1772 connector with two large DC pins added underneath, so a CCS1 car can also use a J1772 AC post. NACS is a single small oval plug that carries both AC and DC on the same pins. Both deliver DC fast charging; neither sets the speed, which comes from the car and the post.

Is CCS1 being phased out?

No. CCS1 is still the inlet on most non-Tesla EVs on the road and the connector at the majority of non-Tesla fast sites in the directory. NACS adoption is growing on new models, but a CCS1 car remains usable, with adapters where supported.

Can a CCS1 car use a Tesla Supercharger?

Some Superchargers support non-Tesla cars, usually with a NACS-to-CCS1 adapter and the Tesla app. Coverage is site-specific and is not the same as every NACS station. Check the station and the car's manufacturer before relying on it.

Can a NACS car use a CCS1 station?

With a CCS1-to-NACS adapter where the car and station support it. The adapter adds a physical interface; it does not change the car's peak charging rate or guarantee that a particular station will authorize the session.

Do adapters reduce charging speed?

They can. The adapter, the car and the station all have limits, and a session runs at the lowest one. A 350 kW station does not make a 150 kW car charge at 350 kW, with or without an adapter.

Which is faster, CCS1 or NACS?

Neither — the plug is a shape. A CCS1 site can be rated at 350 kW and a NACS site at 250 kW, or either can be a 50 kW post, and the car takes only what its own DC peak allows. Compare the station's power and the car's peak, not the connector.

Keep reading

Updated October 26, 2026. Figures come from the EVDIR station and vehicle data; per-kWh prices are the tariffs networks list and exclude session and idle fees. How the data is collected and checked is on the methodology page.